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The bathyscaphe ''Archimède'' is a deep diving research submersible of the French Navy. It used of hexane as the gasoline buoyancy of its float.〔Popular Science, ("Jeeps in the Deep" ), Wallace Cloud, ''August 1964'' (accessed 11 September 2010)〕 It was designed by Pierre Willm and Georges Houot.〔Collins, "Exploring the Deep", Andrei Aksyonov, Aleksandr Alekseevich Chernov, ''1979'', p.118〕 Archimede was the first vehicle to reach the deepest part of the Atlantic, down into the Puerto Rico Trench.〔Popular Mechanics, ("The Ocean Adventure" ), Gardner Soule, ''September 1966'', pp.92 (accessed 11 September 2010)〕 ''Archimede'' was christened on 27 July 1961, at the French Navy base of Toulon. It was designed to go beyond ,〔Dayton Beach Morning Journal, "French Bathyscaphe", Associated Press, ''29 July 1961''〕 and weighed 61 tons.〔New York Times, "New French Bathyscaphe to Seek Record Ocean Deep", ''29 July 1961''〕 In October 1961, ''Archimede'' passed its first dive tests, diving to unmanned.〔New York Times, "French Bathyscaphe Tested", ''30 October 1961''〕 On 27 November 1961, ''Archimede'' achieved a speed of 3knots, over a distance of at a depth of in the Mediterranean.〔Milwaukee Sentinel, "Bathyscaphe Hits 3 Knots", Associated Press, ''28 November 1961'', page 2〕 On 23 May 1962, ''Archimede'' descended to off Honshu, Japan, in the Pacific, at the Japan Deep.〔Baltimore Sun, "French Bathyscaphe Dives To 15,744 Feet", ''24 May 1962'', pg.A2〕 On 15 July 1962, ''Archimede'' descended to into the Kurile-Kamchatcha Trench, making it the second deepest dive ever, at that point in time, second only to the Bathyscaphe Trieste dive on the Challenger Deep.〔Dayton Beach Morning Journal, "Reports Intensive Life Down At 31,350 Level Of Ocean", Associated Press, ''16 July 1962'', p.3〕 On 12 August 1962, ''Archimede'' descended to in the Japan Deep south of Tokyo.〔New York Times, "Bathyscaphe Archimede Descends 30511 Feet", Associated Press, ''13 August 1962''〕 ''Archimede'' explored the Mid-Atlantic Ridge jointly with the submarine ''Cyana'' and submersible ''DSV Alvin'', in ''Project F.A.M.O.U.S.''(French American Mid Ocean Underwater Survey) in 1974.〔Mariner Books, "Ships of Discovery and Exploration", Lincoln P. Paine, ''2000'', pp.7〕〔New York Times, "3 Craft to Dive Deep in Mid-Atlantic Valley", Walter Sullivan, ''21 May 1975''〕〔New Scientist, ("A cry 'Eureka!' From the Mid-Atlantic Ridge" ), ''7 June 1973'', Vol. 58, No. 849 (accessed 11 September 2010)〕〔 Encyclopaedia Universalis, "F.A.M.O.U.S. (French American Mid Ocean Underwater Survey)", ''2010''〕 ''Archimede'' operated until the 1970s.〔University of Washington Press, "Oceanographic History: The Pacific and Beyond", Keith R. Benson, Phillip F. Rehbock, ed.s, ''1993'', 2002, pp.388〕 As of 2008, it is on operational reserve, at Toulon.〔 Editions Quae, "Carnet de bord de vingt ans de campagne oceanographiques", Joseph Coic, ''2008'', pg.16〕 The ''Archimede'' was honoured with a stamp in Palau.〔http://www.seemotive.de/html/tauch.htm (accessed 2010 September 11)〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Archimède」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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